This paper is a good overview of the case for badges and a description (with some case studies) of their potential application, but aside from a one-sentence nod to Mozilla it does not get into any detail at all about a badging infrastructure in general, but rather, the institutional changes (for example, replacing the Carnegie unit) that badges would support. It’s very much focused on the competency-based approach to badging, and with it, a formal and structured approach.
https://www.nextgenbadging.org/whitepaper