Castelli and Sarvary (2021) have investigated why students do not turn on their video cameras during online classes and suggest ways to encourage them. More useful they offer alternative ways for students to show their involvement in an online course. I suggest these support my assertion that “synchronous” online learning is a myth (Worthington, 2013).
https://blog.highereducationwhisperer.com/2022/03/students-do-not-turn-on-their-video.html